WORDS WORTH KNOWING
transformation- the prosses in which one stran of bacteriais changes by one or more genes from another stran of bacteria.
nucleotides- a subunit of which nuclic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar , a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
nuclic acids- macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorus.
base-paring- princibe that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine ans cytosine.
double-helix- explains Chargaff's rule of base pairing and how the two strands of DNA are held together.
DNA- molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms which includes plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea.
RNA- is a nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides.
mRNA- molecules that carrie instructions for assembleing amino acids; carries information from DNA to other parts of the cell.
tRNA- transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the coded messages in mRNA.
rRNA- forms an important part of both sub-units of the ribosome.
transcription- synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
translation- process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein.
genes- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.
chromosomes- threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in Eukaryotes, chromosomes, are found in the nucleus; in Prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm.
